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Osteoporosis And IV Treatments: Effective Support For Bone Health

07/26/2024 | by

Osteoporosis can significantly increase your risk of experiencing a bone fracture or break. Age, genetics, certain medications, hormones, and activity levels can all impact your risk of developing osteoporosis. By being proactive about your health and consulting with your doctor, you can support healthy bones for years to come. IV infusions and injections are also effective ways to protect against osteoporosis.

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What is Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a condition that weakens bones, increasing their fragility and increasing the risk of breaks. This condition occurs when the body loses too much bone, makes too little bone, or both. As a result, the bones become porous, reducing their bone density and strength.

Worldwide, osteoporosis leads to up to 37 million fragility fractures annually amongst individuals over the age of 55, which is the equivalent of 70 fractures per minute. This condition affects both men and women, but it is more common in women, particularly after menopause. One in three women over the age of 50 will experience an osteoporosis fracture, compared to one in five men.

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Using the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of osteoporosis, approximately 6.3% of men and 21.2% of women over 50 are affected globally, translating to roughly 500 million people worldwide. Osteoporosis can lead to severe complications, such as fractures in the hip, spine, and wrist, which significantly impact a person’s mobility and quality of life. Early diagnosis through regular bone density tests and preventive measures are essential to help prevent and manage this disease early on.

Causes of Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis may result from a combination of genetic factors, lifestyle and dietary choices, and certain medical conditions and medications.

Genetics plays a significant role in the causes of osteoporosis. Your sex and age are major unchangeable risks. Women are much more likely to develop osteoporosis than men. This risk also increases with age, with Caucasian or Asian individuals, in particular, at a significant risk.

A family history of osteoporosis, particularly having a parent or sibling with the condition, increases your chances of developing it. Small body frame size is another significant factor since individuals with smaller frames might have less bone mass to draw from as they age.

Diets low in calcium can lead to diminished bone density, early bone loss, and increased fracture risk. Eating disorders and gastrointestinal surgeries that limit nutrient absorption also play a role in developing this condition.

Additionally, leading a sedentary lifestyle increases the risk, while weight-bearing exercises like walking, running, and weightlifting can help decrease the risk and help maintain bone health.

Certain medical conditions and medications may also contribute to causing osteoporosis. Conditions such as kidney, liver, or celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, multiple myeloma, and rheumatoid arthritis can increase the risk of osteoporosis. 

Hormonal imbalances, including low estrogen in women (especially post-menopause) and low testosterone in men, may significantly affect bone density.1 Long-term use of corticosteroid medications like prednisone and cortisone can interfere with the bone-rebuilding process, increasing the risk of osteoporosis. Medications intended to treat seizures, gastric reflux, or cancer are also associated with bone loss.

Symptoms of Osteoporosis

The characteristics of osteoporosis can often be subtle and hard to detect until significant damage has already occurred. This condition is sometimes referred to as a “silent disease” because people may not realize they have it until they experience a fracture.

In its initial stages, osteoporosis may not cause any noticeable symptoms. However, some low bone density symptoms can act as warning signs. These symptoms may include:

  • Loss of height – Losing an inch or more in height over time.
  • Postural changes – Noticeable stooping or bending forward, also known as kyphosis.
  • Back pain – Persistent lower back pain due to collapsed or fractured vertebrae.
  • Shortness of breath – This can occur if bone loss in the spine compresses the lungs, reducing their capacity and making breathing more difficult.

These early signals can be subtle and often go unnoticed, with friends or family potentially observing changes in your height or posture before you do.

As osteoporosis progresses, the symptoms become more apparent and can begin to worsen, causing issues such as:

  • Fractures from minor falls or injuries – The most common symptom of advanced osteoporosis is a fracture occurring from a minor fall or accident that would not usually cause such an injury in a person with healthy bones.
  • Severe back pain – Typically due to compression fractures in the vertebrae.
  • Frequent fractures – Especially in the hip, spine, or wrist, which are some of the areas most affected by osteoporosis.
  • Chronic pain and disability – Continuous pain and potential disability from recurrent fractures.

Advanced osteoporosis symptoms can significantly impact your quality of life. Fractures, particularly hip fractures, can lead to serious complications, including long-term disability or even increased mortality.

Diagnosing Osteoporosis

Determining the specific cause of osteoporosis is crucial in order to prevent fractures and manage bone health. Healthcare providers often diagnose osteoporosis during routine screenings, especially for women over 65 and younger women at higher risk.

Bone Mineral Density (BMD) 

A bone density test measures the precise amounts of calcium and additional minerals in a specific area of your bone, typically your spine and hip. This test helps diagnose osteoporosis, detect low bone density, predict future fracture risk, and monitor the effectiveness of ongoing treatment.

What are bone density tests?

A bone density test is a noninvasive procedure that is used to measure bone mineral density (BMD). The most common method is Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA), which uses low levels of X-rays to assess bone density. The test is quick and painless and is usually performed on the hip and spine.

How they are performed

During a DXA scan, you lie on a cushioned table while a scanner passes over your body. The machine measures the amount of X-rays absorbed by your bones and tissues, which correlates with bone density. This process takes about 10 to 30 minutes. Some people might have a peripheral DXA, which measures bone density in the wrist and heel. While this type is more portable, it may only provide a partial picture of your fracture risk.

Interpreting the results

The results of a bone density test are given as T-scores, which directly compare your bone density to that of a healthy young adult:

  • T-score of -1 and above: Normal bone density
  • T-score between -1 and -2.5: Low bone density (osteopenia)
  • T-score of -2.5 and below: Indicates osteoporosis

If your BMD is below a certain level, your doctor will diagnose osteoporosis and may recommend lifestyle changes and medications to improve bone health and reduce fracture risk. Also, your healthcare provider might use other tools, such as questionnaires, physical exams, and ultrasounds, to predict your risk for potential low bone density or bone breaks.

Treatment Options for Osteoporosis

Managing osteoporosis requires implementing both lifestyle modifications and medications. Implementing healthy lifestyle modifications is essential. Ensure you consume enough calcium and vitamin D through diet or supplements, and engage in regular weight-bearing exercises like walking, jogging, or weightlifting to strengthen bones. Finally, avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol consumption can work to preserve bone health.

Several medications can help treat osteoporosis.2 These include:

  • Bisphosphonates: Alendronate, risedronate, and zoledronic acid are common options because these drugs slow bone loss and reduce the risk of fractures.
  • RANK ligand inhibitors: Denosumab helps prevent bone resorption and is an alternative for those who cannot take oral bisphosphonates.
  • Parathyroid hormone analogs: Teriparatide and abaloparatide stimulate new bone formation and are used for severe osteoporosis.
  • Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs): Raloxifene helps reduce the risk of spinal fractures in postmenopausal women.
  • Calcitonin: This hormone can help regulate bone metabolism and is used when other treatments are not suitable.

Every medication works differently, so it’s important to discuss with your doctor which option best suits your specific situation and needs. For example, bisphosphonates like alendronate are often preferred for their effectiveness and cost, but medications like teriparatide are recommended for those with very low bone density or high fracture risk.

Intravenous therapies for osteoporosis involve delivering medication directly into your bloodstream through an injection. This method ensures that your body quickly and efficiently absorbs the medication.

The most common osteoporosis treatment injection is zoledronic acid, which is administered once a year. This injection for osteoporosis helps strengthen bones, reduce bone loss, and lower the risk of fractures. Another popular option is denosumab, which is given every six months and works by inhibiting the bone resorption process. IV treatments are highly effective and convenient, especially for individuals who have difficulty taking oral medications or have gastrointestinal issues.

Common IV Treatments and Injections for Osteoporosis

Let’s take a closer look at the most common types of injections and infusions available for osteoporosis.

Prolia injection is a popular treatment for osteoporosis that works by inhibiting a protein involved in bone resorption called RANKL.3 By effectively blocking this protein, Prolia helps to decrease bone loss and increase bone density, reducing the risk of fractures.

Benefits and potential side effects

Prolia for osteoporosis is very effective in increasing bone strength and reducing the likelihood of fractures in the spine, hip, and other bones. It is usually administered as a subcutaneous (under the skin) injection every six months, making it a convenient option for long-term management. Studies have shown that patients on Prolia treatment experience significant improvements in bone density and a lower incidence of fractures compared to those not on the treatment.4

However, there are potential Prolia side effects to be aware of. Common side effects include back pain, pain in the extremities, high cholesterol levels, and urinary tract infections. Severe side effects can consist of low calcium levels in the blood, serious infections, skin problems, and severe bone, joint, or muscle pain. It’s important to discuss these risks with your healthcare provider.

Patient experiences

Many patients have benefitted from Prolia treatment, noting improvements in bone density and a decreased risk of fractures. The convenience of a twice-yearly injection is also frequently highlighted as a significant advantage. However, some patients have experienced side effects that require discontinuation of the medication. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider are essential to monitor bone health and manage any adverse effects.

Forteo is a treatment specifically designed for osteoporosis. It is a synthetic form of parathyroid hormone, which stimulates new bone formation. By mimicking the body’s natural process of bone growth, Forteo helps increase bone density and strength, significantly reducing the risk of fractures.5

How Forteo Works

Forteo functions by activating osteoblasts, which are the cells responsible for bone formation. Unlike other treatments that primarily slow down bone resorption, Forteo actively promotes the building of new bone. It is administered through a daily injection under the skin, typically for a period of up to two years.

Benefits and Potential Side Effects

The benefits of using Forteo for osteoporosis include significant developments in bone mineral density, particularly in the spine and hip. Patients using Forteo often see a considerable reduction in the risk of both vertebral and nonvertebral fractures. However, there are potential side effects to be aware of. 

Potential side effects associated with Forteo may include nausea, joint pain, and injection site reactions. More serious, though rare, side effects can include hypercalcemia and an increased risk of osteosarcoma, a type of bone cancer, which is why the treatment duration is limited.

Patient experiences

Patients using Forteo generally report positive outcomes, especially in terms of increased bone density and reduced fractures.6 Many appreciate the effectiveness of the treatment despite the inconvenience of daily injections. Some patients have experienced side effects that require medical attention, but overall, Forteo is considered a powerful option for those at high risk of fractures due to severe osteoporosis.

Yearly IV Infusions

Annual IV infusions are an osteoporosis treatment option where medication is administered intravenously once a year to help strengthen bones and reduce the risk of fractures. The most common medication used for this purpose is zoledronic acid.

Yearly IV infusions involve administering a single dose of zoledronic acid through an intravenous line. This process typically takes about 15 to 30 minutes and is done in a healthcare setting. Zoledronic acid works by inhibiting the bone resorption process, which helps maintain or increase bone density.

Benefits and Potential Side Effects

The primary benefit of a yearly injection for osteoporosis lies in its convenience. This treatment is only required once a year, eliminating the need for daily or weekly medications and making it easier for patients to stick to their treatment plan. Studies have shown that zoledronic acid effectively enhances bone density and lessens the risk of fractures in the spine, hip, and other bones.

However, there are potential side effects, which may include flu-like symptoms such as fever, chills, and muscle or joint pain, which usually occur shortly after the infusion and last for a few days.

Severe side effects can include:

  • Kidney problems
  • Low calcium levels in the blood
  • Rare occurrences of osteonecrosis of the jaw

Patients with severe kidney impairment should not use this medication.

Yearly IV infusions for osteoporosis can be a very effective treatment option, offering significant benefits in bone density improvement and fracture prevention while also providing the convenience of a once-a-year treatment regimen. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider are very important to monitor the patient’s response to the treatment and manage any potential side effects.

Natural and Supplementary Treatments

In addition to the drugs listed above, there are several supplements that can help support bone health.

Calcium and Vitamin D Supplements

Calcium supplements for osteoporosis and other osteoporosis vitamins are critical for maintaining strong bones. Calcium is an essential mineral for bone health, and adequate intake helps prevent bone loss. 

Vitamin D is necessary for the body to absorb calcium effectively. Without enough vitamin D, calcium supplements might not be as effective. The best calcium for osteoporosis comes from dietary sources like dairy products and fortified foods, as well as supplements if dietary intake is insufficient. Vitamin D can be obtained through sun exposure, diet, and supplements, with some patients benefiting from Vitamin D shots to maintain optimal levels.

In addition to calcium and vitamin D, other osteoporosis supplements can support bone health. B Vitamins such as B12, C, B6, B9, and B7 play various roles in maintaining bone structure and overall health.7 Magnesium is crucial for bone mineralization, while glutathione helps combat oxidative stress, which can affect bone density. (8, 9)

Emerging therapies like exosome and monoclonal antibodies IV therapy options are also being explored for their potential benefits in bone health. (10, 11)

These alternate treatment options for osteoporosis can be highly effective when used alongside conventional treatments, providing a whole-body approach to managing the condition.

Lifestyle Changes to Support Bone Health

A balanced diet is crucial for maintaining strong bones.12 Foods rich in calcium and vitamin D are essential for bone health, with dairy products like milk, cheese, and yogurt recognized as excellent sources of calcium.

Leafy green vegetables, almonds, and fortified foods also provide calcium. For vitamin D, fatty fish, egg yolks, and fortified cereals are good options. If dietary intake is insufficient, consider talking to your doctor about taking osteoporosis vitamins to ensure adequate levels.

Avoid foods that can hinder calcium absorption or contribute to bone loss.13 Excessive salt, caffeine, and alcohol can reduce calcium levels in the body, and soft drinks with high phosphate content can also negatively affect bone health. Limiting these foods can help maintain bone density.

Regular exercise is essential for bone strength and to improve bone density. Weight-bearing exercises such as walking, jogging, and dancing help build and maintain bone density.

Resistance training with weights or resistance bands strengthens bones and muscles, while balance and flexibility exercises like tai chi and yoga can reduce the risk of falls, which is particularly important for people with osteoporosis.

Start with low-impact activities and gradually increase intensity, making sure that you keep safety in mind. Always warm up before exercising and cool down afterward. Use proper equipment and techniques to prevent injuries. Consult with a healthcare provider before incorporating any new exercise program, especially if you have osteoporosis.

Monitoring and Managing Osteoporosis

If you have osteoporosis, there are a few ways you can maintain optimal bone health and protect against fractures and breaks.

Routine check-ups are important for managing osteoporosis. These visits allow your doctor to monitor your bone health and adjust your treatment plan as needed. One of the most important aspects of these check-ups is undergoing a bone density test.

A bone density test measures the density of minerals, like calcium, in your bones. This test helps determine the strength and thickness of your bones. Regular bone density tests are essential for diagnosing osteoporosis early, monitoring the effectiveness of treatments, and assessing your risk of fractures.

Typically, your doctor will recommend a bone density test every one to two years, depending on your risk factors and previous bone density test results.

During your check-ups, it’s important to discuss several main points with your doctor:

  • Bone density test results and treatment: Review your latest test results. Discuss any changes in your bone density and what they mean for your treatment plan.
  • Symptoms and side effects: Inform your doctor about any new symptoms or side effects from medications. This information helps adjust your treatment to minimize discomfort and enhance effectiveness.
  • Lifestyle changes: Talk about your diet, exercise routine, and other lifestyle factors that affect bone health. Your doctor can provide recommendations to help you make beneficial adjustments.
  • Medication adherence: Ensure you are taking your medications as prescribed. Discuss any difficulties you might be facing in following your medication regimen.

Conclusion 

Living with osteoporosis requires a proactive approach to maintain bone health and prevent fractures. Regular bone density tests are crucial for monitoring your condition. Treatments, including lifestyle changes and medications, can effectively manage and improve bone density.

Managing side effects and maintaining open communication with your healthcare provider are key components of effective treatment for bone loss. Always consult your doctor for personalized advice and adjustments to your treatment plan. By staying informed and vigilant, you can lead a healthy, active life with osteoporosis.

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Related:

Vitamin IV Therapy - Frequently Asked Questions

What is IV therapy, and how does it work?

IV therapy is a process in which fluids, vitamins, minerals, and/or medications are administered into the bloodstream via a catheter. The catheter is inserted into a blood vein, the IV infusion bag is hung over the patient’s head, and gravity slowly drips the contents of the bag into the patient’s bloodstream.

Who can benefit from IV therapy?

Individuals in many walks of life can benefit from IV Therapy, including:

  • Athletes wanting to recover from an intense workout quickly
  • Busy parents who need a natural pick-me-up energy boost
  • Individuals who struggle with low vitamin levels or digestive absorption issues
  • Travelers who want to overcome jet lag quickly
  • Individuals who want fast relief from hangover or stomach flu symptoms
  • Individuals who want a quick infusion of beauty-boosting vitamins and minerals

What types of IV therapy treatments are available?

Drip Hydration offers a wide range of IV treatment options. Our IV infusions contain vitamins, fluids, minerals, electrolytes to help address many health and wellness targets.

We offer the following IV therapy treatments:

  • Dehydration
  • Energy Boost
  • Hangover
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  • Stomach Flu
  • Myer’s Cocktail
  • Recovery
  • Beauty
  • Super Immune
  • All-Inclusive
  • NAD+
  • NAD+ Boost
  • Iron

What are the benefits of IV therapy?

IV therapy offers many potential wellness benefits, including:

  • Rehydration
  • Boost low levels of vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes
  • Help boost immune health
  • Help provide fast relief from symptoms of hangovers, stomach flu, headaches, jet lag, and more

In addition to these benefits, specialty treatments such as NAD+ may provide additional anti-aging, metabolic, and neurological benefits.

Read More: Vitamin IV Therapy FAQ

References

[1] Cheng CH, Chen LR, Chen KH. Osteoporosis Due to Hormone Imbalance: An Overview of the Effects of Estrogen Deficiency and Glucocorticoid Overuse on Bone Turnover. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan 25;23(3):1376. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031376. PMID: 35163300; PMCID: PMC8836058.;

[2] Tu KN, Lie JD, Wan CKV, Cameron M, Austel AG, Nguyen JK, Van K, Hyun D. Osteoporosis: A Review of Treatment Options. P T. 2018 Feb;43(2):92-104. PMID: 29386866; PMCID: PMC5768298.;

[3] Ono T, Hayashi M, Sasaki F, Nakashima T. RANKL biology: bone metabolism, the immune system, and beyond. Inflamm Regen. 2020 Feb 7;40:2. doi: 10.1186/s41232-019-0111-3. PMID: 32047573; PMCID: PMC7006158.;

[4] Anastasilakis AD, Toulis KA, Polyzos SA, Anastasilakis CD, Makras P. Long-term treatment of osteoporosis: safety and efficacy appraisal of denosumab. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2012;8:295-306. doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S24239. Epub 2012 Jun 19. PMID: 22767993; PMCID: PMC3387828.;

[5] Hauser B, Alonso N, Riches PL. Review of Current Real-World Experience with Teriparatide as Treatment of Osteoporosis in Different Patient Groups. J Clin Med. 2021 Apr 1;10(7):1403. doi: 10.3390/jcm10071403. PMID: 33915736; PMCID: PMC8037129.;

[6] Hauser B, Alonso N, Riches PL. Review of Current Real-World Experience with Teriparatide as Treatment of Osteoporosis in Different Patient Groups. J Clin Med. 2021 Apr 1;10(7):1403. doi: 10.3390/jcm10071403. PMID: 33915736; PMCID: PMC8037129.;

[7] Dai Z, Koh WP. B-vitamins and bone health--a review of the current evidence. Nutrients. 2015 May 7;7(5):3322-46. doi: 10.3390/nu7053322. PMID: 25961321; PMCID: PMC4446754.;

[8] Rondanelli M, Faliva MA, Tartara A, Gasparri C, Perna S, Infantino V, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Peroni G. An update on magnesium and bone health. Biometals. 2021 Aug;34(4):715-736. doi: 10.1007/s10534-021-00305-0. Epub 2021 May 6. PMID: 33959846; PMCID: PMC8313472.;

[9] Setti T, Arab MGL, Santos GS, Alkass N, Andrade MAP, Lana JFSD. The protective role of glutathione in osteoarthritis. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2020 Sep 9;15:145-151. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.09.006. PMID: 33717929; PMCID: PMC7920102.;

[10] Masaoutis C, Theocharis S. The Role of Exosomes in Bone Remodeling: Implications for Bone Physiology and Disease. Dis Markers. 2019 Aug 14;2019:9417914. doi: 10.1155/2019/9417914. PMID: 31485281; PMCID: PMC6710799.;

[11] Sharma P, Al-Dadah O. Clinical efficacy of bisphosphonates and monoclonal antibodies on bone mineral density following skeletal fractures. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2022 Sep 12;34:102022. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2022.102022. PMID: 36161063; PMCID: PMC9494278.;

[12] Karpouzos A, Diamantis E, Farmaki P, Savvanis S, Troupis T. Nutritional Aspects of Bone Health and Fracture Healing. J Osteoporos. 2017;2017:4218472. doi: 10.1155/2017/4218472. Epub 2017 Dec 31. PMID: 29464131; PMCID: PMC5804294.;

[13] Proia P, Amato A, Drid P, Korovljev D, Vasto S, Baldassano S. The Impact of Diet and Physical Activity on Bone Health in Children and Adolescents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Sep 13;12:704647. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.704647. PMID: 34589054; PMCID: PMC8473684.;