NAD DEFINITION
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme present in all living cells and plays a crucial role in cellular health. Within the mitochondria, NAD+ fuels processes that support DNA integrity and cellular repair mechanisms. Research suggests that NAD+ may help maintain telomere length, the protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that shorten with age, by activating sirtuins like SIRT1. Additionally, NAD+ activates PARP1, a protein essential for DNA repair, potentially contributing to a slower rate of aging.
References
- Schultz, M. B., & Sinclair, D. A. (2016). Why NAD(+) Declines during Aging: It’s Destroyed. Cell Metabolism, 23(6), 965–966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.022
- Yaku, K., Okabe, K., & Nakagawa, T. (2018). NAD metabolism: Implications in aging and longevity. Ageing Research Reviews, 47, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2018.05.006
How Does NAD Work?
NAD+ levels naturally decline with age, stress, and certain environmental factors. Intravenous (IV) NAD+ therapy delivers NAD+ directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system, which may offer a more direct route of administration than oral supplements.
Preliminary research suggests that NAD+ supplementation may have several potential benefits, including:
- Supporting cellular health and function
- Promoting healthy aging
- Contributing to energy metabolism
- Potentially influencing neurological function
However, more research is needed to determine the long-term efficacy and safety of NAD+ therapy, especially in IV form.
Table of Contents
- What is NAD IV Therapy?
- How Does NAD Work?
- NAD Benefits and Uses
- Anti-Aging
- Addiction and Recovery
- Anxiety and Depression
- Neurological
- Metabolic Function
- What Types of NAD Therapy are Available?
- Does NAD Therapy Have any Side Effects?
- Cost of Different NAD Treatments
- Conclusion
- NAD – Frequently Asked Questions
References
- Rajman, L., Chwalek, K., & Sinclair, D. A. (2018). Therapeutic potential of NAD-boosting molecules: the in vivo evidence. Cell Metabolism, 27(3), 529-547.
- Shade, C. (2020). The science behind NAD+: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential coenzyme found in all living cells. It plays a vital role in cellular energy production, DNA repair, and gene expression. Integrative Medicine: A Clinician’s Journal, 19(1), 12–14.
NAD+ is a vital coenzyme that plays a significant role in several essential biological processes. One of its primary functions is in oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, which are essential for converting nutrients into usable energy (ATP) within cells. NAD+ also plays a crucial role in regulating metabolic processes, acting as a coenzyme for enzymes involved in energy metabolism.
In addition, NAD+ is involved in maintaining DNA integrity through its role in DNA repair processes. It acts as a substrate for enzymes called sirtuins, which are involved in repairing damaged DNA and may play a role in cellular aging and longevity.
While NAD+ levels fluctuate throughout the day, the extent to which it directly regulates circadian rhythm is still under investigation. Research suggests that NAD+ may influence the activity of proteins involved in circadian regulation, but it’s not the sole regulator of this complex process.
References
- Lautrup, S., Sinclair, D. A., Mattson, M. P., & Fang, E. F. (2019). NAD+ in brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Cell Metabolism, 30(4), 630-655.
- Rajman, L., Chwalek, K., & Sinclair, D. A. (2018). Therapeutic potential of NAD-boosting molecules: the in vivo evidence. Cell Metabolism, 27(3), 529-547.
Order NAD+ Injections
NAD is essential to cellular health, but levels decline as we age. We offer self-administered NAD+ injections to replenish NAD levels, which may offer a variety of anti-aging benefits.
Get NAD+ InjectionsAs summarized above, NAD+ is a coenzyme essential for various cellular processes, including energy production, DNA repair, and gene expression. These processes are all crucial for maintaining cellular health and function as we age. NAD+ levels naturally decline with age, and this decline has been associated with various age-related changes in cells and tissues.
Research suggests that NAD+ may play a role in several aspects of aging:
- Mitochondrial Function: NAD+ is essential for mitochondrial function, the powerhouses of cells. Maintaining healthy mitochondria is crucial for energy production and overall cellular health as we age.
- Telomere Length: Some studies have suggested a potential link between NAD+ and telomere length, although more research is needed to fully understand this relationship.
- DNA Repair: NAD+ is a co-substrate for enzymes like sirtuins (e.g., SIRT1) and PARP1, which are involved in DNA repair processes. Adequate DNA repair is crucial for maintaining genomic stability and preventing cellular damage that can contribute to aging and age-related diseases.
While these findings are promising, it’s important to note that the relationship between NAD+ and aging is complex, and more research is needed to fully understand the potential of NAD+ supplementation in promoting healthy aging.
References
- Covarrubias, A. J., Perrone, R., Grozio, A., & Verdin, E. (2021). NAD(+) metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during aging. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 22(2), 119-141.
- Gomes, A. P., Price, N. L., Ling, A. J., Moslehi, J. J., Montgomery, M. K., Rajman, L., … & Sinclair, D. A. (2013). Declining NAD(+) induces a pseudohypoxic state disrupting nuclear-mitochondrial communication during aging. Cell, 155(7), 1624-1638.
- Schultz, M. B., & Sinclair, D. A. (2016). Why NAD(+) declines during aging: It’s destroyed. Cell Metabolism, 23(6), 965-966.
- Yoshino, J., Mills, K. F., Yoon, M. J., & Imai, S. (2011). Nicotinamide mononucleotide, a key NAD(+) intermediate, treats the pathophysiology of diet- and age-induced diabetes in mice. Cell Metabolism, 14(4), 528-536.
Order NAD+ Spray
NAD is essential to cellular health and function, but levels naturally decline as we age. We offer self-administered NAD+ nasal sprays to quickly replenish NAD levels. Treatments can promote a variety of anti-aging benefits, including increased energy, improved brain clarity and focus, improved metabolic function, and more. Intranasal delivery allows for quicker access to brain cells.
Get NAD+ SprayNAD Benefits and Uses
Anti-Aging
NAD+ plays a significant role in several essential biological processes, including energy metabolism, DNA repair, and gene expression. These processes are all crucial for maintaining cellular health and function as we age. NAD+ levels naturally decline with age, and this decline has been associated with various age-related changes in cells and tissues.
Research suggests that NAD+ may play a role in several aspects of aging:
- Metabolic Regulation: NAD+ is a co-substrate for sirtuins, a family of proteins involved in energy metabolism, stress response, and potentially longevity. Maintaining optimal NAD+ levels may support healthy metabolic function as we age.
- DNA Repair: NAD+ is involved in DNA repair processes, helping to mitigate the damage caused by various factors, including inflammation. Adequate DNA repair is crucial for maintaining genomic stability and preventing cellular damage that can contribute to aging and age-related diseases.
While NAD+ supplementation may hold promise for supporting healthy aging, it’s important to note that aging is a complex process with multiple contributing factors. More research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and limitations of NAD+ supplementation in humans.
References
- Canto, C., Menzies, K. J., & Auwerx, J. (2015). NAD+ metabolism and the control of energy homeostasis: A balancing act between mitochondria and the nucleus. Cell metabolism, 22(1), 31-53.
- Covarrubias, A. J., Perrone, R., Grozio, A., & Verdin, E. (2021). NAD(+) metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during aging. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 22(2), 119-141.
- Gomes, A. P., Price, N. L., Ling, A. J., Moslehi, J. J., Montgomery, M. K., Rajman, L., … & Sinclair, D. A. (2013). Declining NAD(+) induces a pseudohypoxic state disrupting nuclear-mitochondrial communication during aging. Cell, 155(7), 1624-1638.
- Garrido, A., & Djouder, N. (2017). NAD+ Deficits in Age-Related Diseases and Cancer. Trends in Cancer, 3(8), 593–610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trecan.2017.06.001
- Schultz, M. B., & Sinclair, D. A. (2016). Why NAD(+) declines during aging: It’s destroyed. Cell Metabolism, 23(6), 965-966.
- Yoshino, J., Baur, J. A., & Imai, S. I. (2018). NAD+ intermediates: the biology and therapeutic potential of NMN and NR. Cell metabolism, 27(3), 513-528.
Potential Benefits of NAD IV Therapy for Anti-Aging
Mitigating some age-related decline
Research suggests that NAD+ supplementation may support healthy aging by promoting cellular repair and regeneration. While NAD+ cannot reverse aging entirely, maintaining optimal levels of NAD+ may help mitigate some age-related declines in cellular function and potentially contribute to overall health and vitality as we age.
However, it’s important to note that aging is a complex process with multiple contributing factors. More research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and limitations of NAD+ supplementation in humans.
References
- Schultz, M. B., & Sinclair, D. A. (2016). Why NAD(+) declines during aging: It’s destroyed. Cell Metabolism, 23(6), 965-966.
- Shade, C. (2020). The science behind NAD+: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential coenzyme found in all living cells. It plays a vital role in cellular energy production, DNA repair, and gene expression. Integrative Medicine: A Clinician’s Journal, 19(1), 12–14.
Potential support for healthy skin
NAD+ is involved in pathways that support the repair and turnover of skin cells, which can contribute to a healthier skin barrier and overall skin health. Furthermore, NAD+ can indirectly influence inflammation through its role in regulating certain cellular pathways. Chronic inflammation can contribute to skin aging, so modulating inflammation may have a positive impact on skin health.
Overall, NAD+ is essential for various cellular processes, including DNA repair, energy metabolism, and gene expression. These processes are crucial for maintaining healthy skin cells, which are important for overall skin health and appearance. While NAD+ may contribute to healthy skin, the extent to which it directly improves specific aspects of appearance, such as wrinkles, requires further research.
References
- Li, M., Zhang, M., Zhang, Y., Liang, Y., & Ying, W. (2023). NAD+ administration profoundly decreases UVC-induced skin damage by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage and apoptosis. International journal of physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology, 15(2), 41–49.
- Navarro-Yepes, J., Burns, J., Anandhan, A., Khalimonchuk, O., del Razo, L. M., Quintanilla-Vega, B., … & Franco, R. (2014). Oxidative stress, redox signaling, and autophagy: Cell death versus survival. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 21(1), 66-85.
- Rajman, L., Chwalek, K., & Sinclair, D. A. (2018). Therapeutic potential of NAD-boosting molecules: the in vivo evidence. Cell Metabolism, 27(3), 529-547.
Potential support for muscle health
Research suggests that NAD+ may support muscle health in several ways:
- Energy Production: NAD+ is essential for ATP production within mitochondria, providing the energy needed for muscle contraction and function.
- Mitochondrial Biogenesis: Some studies suggest that NAD+ may promote the formation of new mitochondria (mitochondrial biogenesis), which could potentially enhance muscle function and capacity.
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects: NAD+ may have anti-inflammatory properties, which could potentially protect muscle cells from damage and dysfunction.
While these findings are promising, more research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms by which NAD+ influences muscle health and to determine its potential therapeutic applications for improving muscle strength, endurance, and recovery, as well as for preventing or reversing age-related muscle loss.
References
- Frederick, D. W., Loro, E., Liu, L., Davila, A., Jr, Chellappa, K., Silverman, M. N., … & Quinn, W. J., III (2016). Loss of NAD homeostasis leads to progressive muscle degeneration. Cell Metabolism, 24(2), 269-282.
- Navarro-Yepes, J., Burns, J., Anandhan, A., Khalimonchuk, O., del Razo, L. M., Quintanilla-Vega, B., … & Franco, R. (2014). Oxidative stress, redox signaling, and autophagy: Cell death versus survival. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 21(1), 66-85.
- Uddin, G. M., Youngson, N. A., Sinclair, D. A., & Morris, M. J. (2016). Head to head comparison of short-term treatment with the NAD(+) precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and 6 weeks of exercise in obese female mice. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 7, 258.
Potential support for healthy energy metabolism
Research suggests that maintaining optimal NAD+ levels may support healthy energy metabolism and potentially contribute to overall energy levels. By ensuring the availability of NAD+ for efficient ATP production, individuals may experience improved energy levels and potentially enhanced physical and mental performance.
However, it’s important to note that energy levels are influenced by various factors, including overall health, diet, sleep, and stress levels. NAD+ supplementation alone may not be sufficient to significantly boost energy levels in all individuals. More research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and limitations of NAD+ supplementation in this context.
References
- Belenky, P., Bogan, K. L., & Brenner, C. (2007). NAD+ metabolism in health and disease. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 32(1), 12-19.
- Martens, C. R., Denman, B. A., Mazzo, M. R., Armstrong, M. L., Reisdorph, N., McQueen, M. B., … & Seals, D. R. (2018). Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Nature Communications, 9(1), 1286.
Support for DNA repair and mitigates oxidative stress
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is essential for DNA repair, acting as a co-substrate for poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) that repair DNA damage, particularly from oxidative stress. By supporting DNA repair and mitigating oxidative stress, NAD+ helps maintain the integrity of DNA, potentially reducing the risk of mutations that can lead to age-related diseases. However, it’s important to recognize that NAD+ cannot prevent all types of DNA damage, and its capacity to reverse existing damage is limited.
References
- Fang, E. F., Scheibye-Knudsen, M., Brace, L. E., Kassahun, H., SenGupta, T., Nilsen, H., … & Bohr, V. A. (2016). Defective mitophagy in XPA via PARP-1 hyperactivation and NAD(+)/SIRT1 reduction. Cell, 167(4), 882-896.
- Navarro-Yepes, J., Burns, J., Anandhan, A., Khalimonchuk, O., del Razo, L. M., Quintanilla-Vega, B., … & Franco, R. (2014). Oxidative stress, redox signaling, and autophagy: Cell death versus survival. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 21(1), 66-85.
Addiction and Recovery
NAD+ is a coenzyme involved in various cellular processes, including energy metabolism, neurotransmitter regulation, and DNA repair. Emerging research suggests that NAD+ therapy, often administered intravenously (IV), may play a role in addiction treatment by supporting cellular health and potentially influencing neurotransmitter levels.
Substance abuse can deplete essential nutrients, including B vitamins, which are precursors to NAD+. NAD+ supplementation may help replenish these nutrients, potentially supporting the body’s recovery processes. However, more research is needed to fully understand the role of NAD+ in addiction treatment and its long-term efficacy.
It’s important to note that NAD+ therapy is not a replacement for conventional addiction treatment. It’s often used as an adjunct therapy alongside other evidence-based approaches like medication, counseling, and behavioral therapy. If you or someone you know is struggling with addiction, it’s crucial to seek guidance from a qualified healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate treatment plan.
As discussed, NAD+ is essential for cellular energy production. Since substance withdrawal can often lead to fatigue due to disrupted metabolic processes, maintaining adequate NAD+ levels may help alleviate this symptom.
Some individuals in recovery may attempt to boost energy using substances like sugar or caffeine, which can have negative consequences. NAD+ therapy, as part of a comprehensive treatment plan, may offer a more sustainable way to support energy levels during recovery. Additionally, preliminary research suggests that NAD+ therapy may help reduce cravings and alleviate some withdrawal symptoms in individuals recovering from substance abuse disorders, potentially aiding in the recovery process. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings and establish the optimal protocols for NAD+ therapy in addiction recovery.
NAD+ therapy should be considered as part of a comprehensive approach to addiction recovery, addressing the various physical and psychological aspects of withdrawal. Relying solely on NAD+ to combat fatigue may not be sufficient, as other factors like nutritional deficiencies, sleep disturbances, and co-occurring mental health conditions need to be addressed as well.
While anecdotal reports from some clinics suggest that NAD+ may help manage withdrawal symptoms like anxiety, depression, and cravings, further research is needed to validate these claims. Clinical trials with larger sample sizes and rigorous methodologies are necessary to establish the efficacy and safety of NAD+ therapy for addiction recovery.
Typically, NAD+ therapy for addiction recovery involves multiple treatment sessions over a period of time, administered intravenously. The frequency and duration of treatment may vary depending on individual needs and the specific substance involved. It’s important to consult with a qualified healthcare professional to determine the appropriate treatment plan.
References
- Belenky, P., Bogan, K. L., & Brenner, C. (2007). NAD+ metabolism in health and disease. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 32(1), 12-19.
- Grant, R., Berg, J., Mestayer, R., Braidy, N., Bennett, J., Broom, S., … & Guillemin, G. J. (2020). A pilot study investigating changes in neural metabolites associated with intravenous NAD+ administration in humans. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 12, 36.
- National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2023). Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research-Based Guide (Third Edition).
Potential Benefits of NAD IV Therapy for Addiction and Recovery
Support for neurotransmitter balance, potentially alleviating withdrawal symptoms and reducing cravings
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide plays a role in the production of neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin, which are often dysregulated during substance addiction. By supporting neurotransmitter balance, NAD+ therapy may help alleviate some withdrawal symptoms and potentially reduce cravings.
Preliminary research suggests that NAD+ therapy may help reduce the severity of some withdrawal symptoms, such as fatigue, anxiety, and depression. However, more research is needed to determine the specific effects of NAD+ on different withdrawal symptoms and to establish its efficacy in managing cravings.
It’s important to note that NAD+ therapy is not a standalone treatment for withdrawal symptoms or cravings. It should be considered as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that addresses the physical and psychological aspects of addiction recovery.
References
- Belenky, P., Bogan, K. L., & Brenner, C. (2007). NAD+ metabolism in health and disease. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 32(1), 12-19.
- Grant, R., Berg, J., Mestayer, R., Braidy, N., Bennett, J., Broom, S., … & Guillemin, G. J. (2020). A pilot study investigating changes in neural metabolites associated with intravenous NAD+ administration in humans. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 12, 36.
- National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2023). Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research-Based Guide (Third Edition).
Potential to improve energy production and alleviate fatigue
Substance abuse can disrupt energy metabolism and deplete NAD+ levels, leading to fatigue and lethargy, common symptoms experienced during addiction recovery.
By supporting healthy mitochondrial function and replenishing NAD+ levels, NAD+ therapy may help improve energy production and potentially alleviate fatigue in individuals undergoing addiction recovery. However, it’s important to note that energy levels are influenced by various factors, and NAD+ therapy should be considered as part of a comprehensive treatment approach addressing nutrition, sleep, and other contributing factors.
While preliminary research suggests a potential role for NAD+ therapy in improving energy levels during addiction recovery, further studies are needed to establish the optimal protocols and assess long-term outcomes.
References
- Braidy, N., Villalva, M. D., & van Eeden, S. (2020). Sobriety and Satiety: Is NAD+ the Answer?. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 9(5), 425. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9050425
- Belenky, P., Bogan, K. L., & Brenner, C. (2007). NAD+ metabolism in health and disease. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 32(1), 12-19.
Anxiety and Depression
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise, a balanced diet, and sufficient sleep is crucial for promoting overall well-being and mental health. However, for individuals experiencing anxiety and depression, additional support may be necessary.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme involved in energy production and neurotransmitter synthesis, both of which are essential for brain health and mood regulation. Research suggests that NAD+ may play a role in alleviating symptoms of anxiety and depression, potentially by supporting neurotransmitter balance and energy production. Additionally, NAD+ has been implicated in reducing fatigue, a common symptom of mood disorders.
While the precise mechanisms by which NAD+ affects mood and mental health are still under investigation, preliminary research suggests that NAD+ therapy, including IV infusion and potentially nasal sprays, may offer a promising avenue for supporting mental well-being. However, more rigorous studies are needed to establish the efficacy and safety of NAD+ therapy for mood disorders.
References
- Belenky, P., Bogan, K. L., & Brenner, C. (2007). NAD+ metabolism in health and disease. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 32(1), 12-19.
- Grant, R., Berg, J., Mestayer, R., Braidy, N., Bennett, J., Broom, S., … & Guillemin, G. J. (2020). A pilot study investigating changes in neural metabolites associated with intravenous NAD+ administration in humans. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 12, 36.
Potential Benefits of NAD IV Therapy for Anxiety and Depression
Potential to reduce anxiety, depression and improve overall brain function
NAD+ is involved in the production of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, which play a crucial role in mood regulation. By supporting neurotransmitter balance and potentially reducing inflammation in the brain, NAD+ therapy may offer a potential avenue for alleviating symptoms of anxiety and depression. This may be particularly relevant for individuals undergoing addiction recovery, as substance abuse can disrupt neurotransmitter systems and contribute to mood disorders.
Additionally, NAD+ is essential for various cellular processes within the brain, including energy metabolism, DNA repair, and gene expression. By supporting these processes, NAD+ may help improve overall brain function and potentially mitigate cognitive impairment associated with addiction.
However, it’s important to note that mood and cognitive function are complex and influenced by various factors beyond NAD+ levels. While promising, more research is needed to fully understand the specific effects of NAD+ on mood and cognitive function, especially in the context of addiction recovery.
NAD+ therapy should be considered as part of a comprehensive treatment approach addressing the underlying causes of mood disorders and cognitive impairment.
References
- Belenky, P., Bogan, K. L., & Brenner, C. (2007). NAD+ metabolism in health and disease. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 32(1), 12-19.
- Lautrup, S., Sinclair, D. A., Mattson, M. P., & Fang, E. F. (2019). NAD+ in brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Cell Metabolism, 30(4), 630-655.
- Morris, G., Berk, M., Walder, K., & Maes, M. (2018). Central pathways causing fatigue in neuro-inflammatory and autoimmune illnesses. Molecular Neurobiology, 55(10), 7802-7823.
Neurological
Cognitive decline is a common aspect of aging, and various age-related neurological conditions can affect memory, focus, and overall cognitive function. NAD+ is a coenzyme involved in several cellular processes crucial for brain health, including energy metabolism, DNA repair, and gene expression.
Research suggests that NAD+ may support cognitive function in several ways:
- Potentially protecting against neurodegenerative diseases and age-related cognitive decline through sirtuin activation: NAD+ is a co-substrate for sirtuins, proteins that may play a role in protecting against neurodegenerative diseases and age-related cognitive decline.
- Neuroprotection: NAD+ may help protect neurons from damage caused by oxidative stress and inflammation, both of which are implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases.
- Potentially improving cognitive performance through energy metabolism: NAD+ is essential for energy production in brain cells. Maintaining adequate NAD+ levels may support neuronal function and potentially improve cognitive performance.
While preliminary research is promising, more studies are needed to fully understand the effects of NAD+ on cognitive function and neurodegenerative diseases. NAD+ IV therapy is an emerging area of research, and its long-term efficacy and safety for cognitive enhancement require further investigation.
References
- Braidy, N., Grant, R., & Sachdev, P. S. (2018). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and its related precursors for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Current opinion in psychiatry, 31(2), 160–166. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000394
- Covarrubias, A. J., Perrone, R., Grozio, A., & Verdin, E. (2021). NAD(+) metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during aging. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 22(2), 119-141.
- Kane, A. E., & Sinclair, D. A. (2018). Sirtuins and NAD+ in the development and treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Circulation Research, 123(7), 868-885.
- Lautrup, S., Sinclair, D. A., Mattson, M. P., & Fang, E. F. (2019). NAD+ in brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Cell Metabolism, 30(4), 630-655.
- Schultz, M. B., & Sinclair, D. A. (2016). Why NAD(+) declines during aging: It’s destroyed. Cell Metabolism, 23(6), 965-966.
Metabolic Function
NAD+ plays a significant role in metabolism, the intricate network of chemical processes that occur within the body to maintain life. NAD+ is essential for cellular respiration, the process by which cells convert nutrients into energy (ATP). It acts as an electron carrier in redox reactions, facilitating the transfer of energy within cells.
NAD+ is particularly important for mitochondrial function, the powerhouses of the cell where the majority of ATP is generated. By supporting healthy mitochondrial function, NAD+ can contribute to efficient energy production and potentially help mitigate fatigue or low energy levels.
Additionally, NAD+ is involved in various metabolic pathways, including the breakdown of fatty acids in the liver, which is an essential process for providing energy to the body.
While changes in metabolism can occur with age and contribute to various health conditions, it’s important to note that metabolism is a complex process influenced by multiple factors, not just age. These factors include genetics, body composition, hormonal levels, and lifestyle choices. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise and a balanced diet, can support healthy metabolism throughout life.
References
- Belenky, P., Bogan, K. L., & Brenner, C. (2007). NAD+ metabolism in health and disease. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 32(1), 12-19.
- Canto, C., Menzies, K. J., & Auwerx, J. (2015). NAD(+) metabolism and the control of energy homeostasis: a balancing act between mitochondria and the nucleus. Cell Metabolism, 22(1), 31-53.
- Uddin, G. M., Youngson, N. A., Sinclair, D. A., & Morris, M. J. (2016). Head to head comparison of short-term treatment with the NAD(+) precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and 6 weeks of exercise in obese female mice. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 7, 258.
Potential Benefits of NAD IV Therapy for Metabolic Function
- Potential to increase energy levels: NAD+ is essential for cellular energy prduction, and supplementation may help improve energy levels and reduce fatigue, especially in individuals with impaired mitochondrial function or metabolic disorders.
- Potential improvement in muscle function and athletic performance: Some research suggests that NAD+ supplementation may enhance exercise performance and muscle recovery, although more studies are needed to confirm these effects.
References
- Belenky, P., Bogan, K. L., & Brenner, C. (2007). NAD+ metabolism in health and disease. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 32(1), 12-19.
- Canto, C., Menzies, K. J., & Auwerx, J. (2015). NAD(+) metabolism and the control of energy homeostasis: a balancing act between mitochondria and the nucleus. Cell Metabolism, 22(1), 31-53.
- Garten, A., Schuster, S., Penke, M., Gorski, T., de Giorgis, T., & Kiess, W. (2015). Physiological and pathophysiological roles of NAMPT and NAD metabolism. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 11(9), 535-546.
- Uddin, G. M., Youngson, N. A., Sinclair, D. A., & Morris, M. J. (2016). Head to head comparison of short-term treatment with the NAD(+) precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and 6 weeks of exercise in obese female mice. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 7, 258.
- Yoshino, J., Mills, K. F., Yoon, M. J., & Imai, S. (2011). Nicotinamide mononucleotide, a key NAD(+) intermediate, treats the pathophysiology of diet-and age-induced diabetes in mice. Cell Metabolism, 14(4), 528-536.
Weight Loss
NAD+ is a coenzyme essential for cellular metabolism, including the breakdown of fats for energy production. Adequate NAD+ levels are crucial for maintaining healthy metabolic function.
Research suggests that declining NAD+ levels are associated with various metabolic disorders, including obesity, fatty liver disease, and insulin resistance. Therefore, maintaining healthy NAD+ levels may potentially contribute to metabolic health and weight management.
While NAD+ IV therapy is being investigated for its potential benefits in various health conditions, its role in weight loss remains unclear. More research is needed to understand the potential role of NAD+ therapy in weight management, and it should not be considered a sole solution for weight loss. Instead, it may be a helpful adjunct to a comprehensive weight management plan that includes dietary modifications, exercise, and other lifestyle changes. It’s important to consult with a healthcare professional to discuss whether NAD+ therapy is appropriate for you.
References
- Canto, C., Menzies, K. J., & Auwerx, J. (2015). NAD(+) metabolism and the control of energy homeostasis: a balancing act between mitochondria and the nucleus. Cell Metabolism, 22(1), 31-53.
- Uddin, G. M., Youngson, N. A., Sinclair, D. A., & Morris, M. J. (2016). Head to head comparison of short-term treatment with the NAD(+) precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and 6 weeks of exercise in obese female mice. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 7, 258.
- Yoshino, J., Mills, K. F., Yoon, M. J., & Imai, S. (2011). Nicotinamide mononucleotide, a key NAD(+) intermediate, treats the pathophysiology of diet- and age-induced diabetes in mice. Cell Metabolism, 14(4), 528-536.
What types of NAD therapy are available?
There are several ways you can supplement NAD. Read on as we review your options.
IV NAD supplementation
NAD IV therapy involves the intravenous delivery of IV fluids and NAD into the body. NAD is added to IV solutions, which are stored in sealed bags that are suspended above a patient’s head. A long thin tube runs between the bag and a needle, which is inserted into a vein. The IV fluids and NAD run through the tube directly into the bloodstream. Other ingredients, like vitamins, can also be added to the solution.
Intravenous (IV) administration offers a direct route for delivering substances into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. This can lead to higher bioavailability and faster onset of action compared to oral administration for some nutrients and medications. IV fluids also help with hydration, which is important for overall health and can indirectly support the body’s natural detoxification processes.
While IV administration offers certain advantages, it’s important to note that the extent of these benefits can vary depending on the specific substance and individual factors. For example, the amount of a substance lost during digestion can differ significantly among different compounds.
In the context of NAD+ therapy, IV administration may offer the advantage of higher bioavailability and faster onset of action, but more research is needed to fully understand its benefits compared to other delivery methods. While NAD+ therapy has shown promise in supporting addiction recovery, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional to discuss the most appropriate treatment approach based on individual needs and circumstances.
Pros | Cons |
---|---|
Bypasses the digestive system, allowing for a high absorption rate | Most expensive NAD therapy option |
Treatment is administered by a licensed healthcare professional, eliminating any guesswork | Appointments have to be made to receive treatment, and multiple sessions may be required over the course of several weeks |
Hydrates in addition to supplementing NAD, and other nutrients may be added to treatment | Not ideal for those with aversion or fear of needles |
Effects can last for months between booster appointments |
References
- Grant, R., Berg, J., Mestayer, R., Braidy, N., Bennett, J., Broom, S., … & Guillemin, G. J. (2020). A pilot study investigating changes in neural metabolites associated with intravenous NAD+ administration in humans. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 12, 36.
- Stielow, M., Witczyńska, A., Kubryń, N., Fijałkowski, Ł., Nowaczyk, J., & Nowaczyk, A. (2023). The Bioavailability of Drugs-The Current State of Knowledge. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 28(24), 8038. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28248038
NAD injections
If you want the benefits of NAD administered directly into your bloodstream, but without the need to schedule an appointment with a healthcare professional, NAD injections may be right for you.
Drip Hydration enables you to consult with a healthcare professional via telehealth services to determine if NAD injection treatment suits your needs. Once a treatment course is determined, supplies to self-administer NAD are delivered to your home. Telehealth consultations continue as you self-administer treatments, allowing you to ask questions and discuss your progress.
Pros | Cons |
---|---|
Bypasses the digestive system, ensuring a high absorption rate | More expensive than nasal sprays and oral supplements |
Treatment is self-administered and delivered directly to your home | People may be uncomfortable self-administering shots |
Less expensive than NAD IV therapy | Not ideal for those with fear or aversion to needles |
Nasal Sprays
Many people may feel uncomfortable with the idea of using needles regularly to supplement NAD. NAD+ nasal sprays offer a convenient and non-invasive method for supplementing NAD+, similar to how some allergy medications are administered. This delivery method may be appealing to individuals seeking to support brain health, as NAD+ plays a crucial role in various brain functions, including energy metabolism, neurotransmitter regulation, and DNA repair.
While nasal sprays offer direct access to the nasal cavity, their absorption and distribution to the brain compared to other delivery methods, such as IV infusion or injections, requires further investigation. More research is needed to determine the most effective and efficient way to deliver NAD+ for specific therapeutic goals, including enhancing brain health.
It’s important to consult with a healthcare professional to discuss the potential benefits and risks of different NAD+ delivery methods and to determine the most appropriate approach based on individual needs and health conditions.
Pros | Cons |
---|---|
Reaches brain cells faster than other NAD therapy options, bypassing the digestive system for a high absorption rate | More expensive than oral NAD supplementation |
Treatment is self-administered without needles | Some people may feel uncomfortable using nasal sprays |
More affordable than NAD IV therapy and NAD injections |
References
- Lautrup, S., Sinclair, D. A., Mattson, M. P., & Fang, E. F. (2019). NAD+ in brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Cell Metabolism, 30(4), 630-655.
- Pires, A., Fortuna, A., Alves, G., & Falcão, A. (2009). Intranasal drug delivery: how, why and what for?. Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques, 12(3), 288–311. https://doi.org/10.18433/j3nc79
Oral NAD supplements
NAD capsules help people who prefer traditional oral treatments supplement NAD. This option is generally cheaper than IV therapy or injections, though it should be noted that the best savings generally require auto renewal or purchasing in larger quantities.
Drip Hydration offers Tru Niagen, an oral NAD supplement with the highest dose of nicotinamide riboside (NR) available. This supplement helps your body increase NAD levels. You can consult with one of Drip Hydration’s licensed healthcare professionals via our telehealth services to ensure oral NAD supplementation is the best option for you.
Pros | Cons |
---|---|
Most affordable NAD therapy option | May need to subscribe or buy larger quantities to get the best value |
Does not involve uncomfortable administration methods | Ingredients must be processed by the digestive system before they are bioavailable, meaning there is less NAD available overall |
Tru Niagen is gluten free, nut free, caffeine free, and does not contain animal byproducts or artificial flavors/colorings | Not ideal for those who have difficulty taking supplements or medications orally |
Does NAD Therapy Have any Side Effects?
NAD+ IV therapy is generally considered safe and well-tolerated in the short term, with most reported side effects being mild and transient.
These side effects may include:
- Nausea
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Gastrointestinal discomfort
While less common, more serious side effects such as irregular heartbeat and kidney problems have been reported in some cases. It’s important to note that most studies on NAD+ IV therapy have focused on short-term outcomes, and the potential long-term side effects are not yet fully understood. More research is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of NAD+ IV therapy for long-term use.
If you are considering NAD+ IV therapy, it’s crucial to discuss the potential risks and benefits with your healthcare provider. They can help you determine if this therapy is appropriate for you and monitor you for any potential side effects.
As with any IV therapy, there is a risk of complications such as vein inflammation (phlebitis), infection at the injection site, or, in rare cases, air embolism. These risks are significantly reduced when NAD+ IV therapy is administered by a licensed and trained healthcare professional following proper hygiene and administration procedures. It’s crucial to only seek NAD+ IV therapy from qualified providers to ensure your safety.
References
- Belenky, P., Bogan, K. L., & Brenner, C. (2007). NAD+ metabolism in health and disease. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 32(1), 12-19.
- Braidy, N., Berg, J., Clement, J., Khorshidi, F., Poljak, A., Jayasena, T., Grant, R., & Sachdev, P. (2019). Role of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and Related Precursors as Therapeutic Targets for Age-Related Degenerative Diseases: Rationale, Biochemistry, Pharmacokinetics, and Outcomes. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 30(2), 251–294. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2017.7269
- Grant, R., Berg, J., Mestayer, R., Braidy, N., Bennett, J., Broom, S., … Sachdev, P. (2020). A Pilot Study Investigating Changes in the Metabolome of Human Blood Following Intravenous Administration of NAD+. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2020.00236
Cost of Different NAD Treatments
Drip Hydration currently offers several NAD IV therapy options that are designed to fit your preferences, with singular, one-time treatments in addition to ongoing treatments spread out over multiple sessions per week.
- NAD+ Boost IV treatment: Delivers a nourishing blend of NAD, Glutathione, vitamins, and minerals designed to stimulate neurological function and cellular health. This one-time treatment includes a NAD infusion IV administered by a professional nurse for $999.
- NAD Injections: We now offer self-administered injections which restore NAD levels and can support a wide array of anti-aging benefits. The price for this treatment is dependent on duration, with cost ranging from $299 for 1 vial (10-20 injections) to the largest treatment option of $2,499 for 12 vials (120-240) injections.
- NAD Nasal Spray: A new addition to our lineup, our Nasal Spray promptly replenishes NAD levels, helps improve focus and brain clarity, and supports metabolic function. This treatment option includes the spray shipped to your home as well as an online consultation with one of Drip Hydration’s team members. This treatment costs $299.
Conclusion
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential molecule involved in critical cellular processes, including energy production, DNA repair, and cellular signaling. Due to its role in supporting healthy mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress, NAD+ has garnered significant interest in the medical community for its potential therapeutic applications.
Preliminary research suggests that NAD+ supplementation may offer several potential health benefits, including supporting addiction recovery by mitigating withdrawal symptoms, improving cognitive function by supporting neuronal health, and potentially influencing aspects of aging by promoting cellular repair and energy metabolism.
However, it’s important to note that research on NAD+ is still ongoing, and more studies are needed to fully understand its effects and potential applications. If you’re interested in exploring the potential benefits of NAD+, it’s crucial to consult with a qualified healthcare professional who can provide personalized guidance and discuss the most appropriate approach based on your individual needs and health conditions.
References
- Belenky, P., Bogan, K. L., & Brenner, C. (2007). NAD+ metabolism in health and disease. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 32(1), 12-19.
- Garrido, A., & Djouder, N. (2017). NAD+ Deficits in Age-Related Diseases and Cancer. Trends in Cancer, 3(8), 593–610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trecan.2017.06.001
- Lautrup, S., Sinclair, D. A., Mattson, M. P., & Fang, E. F. (2019). NAD+ in brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Cell Metabolism, 30(4), 630-655.
- Shade, C. (2020). The science behind NAD+: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential coenzyme found in all living cells. It plays a vital role in cellular energy production, DNA repair, and gene expression. Integrative Medicine: A Clinician’s Journal, 19(1), 12–14.
Take the First Step towards Better Health with NAD Therapy
Take control of your health and address your biggest health concerns with NAD therapy. Consult with a trusted medical professional today to explore the potential benefits of NAD and find personalized solutions for your unique needs.
- Convenience
- Comfort
- Privacy
- Personalized care
- Flexible scheduling
Transform your health with NAD therapy and experience the life-changing benefits of personalized treatment tailored to your unique needs.
NAD - Frequently Asked Questions
What is NAD?
NAD is a coenzyme that is naturally produced by the body and is essential for various physiological processes, including energy production and DNA repair. It is found in all living cells and plays a critical role in many of the body's metabolic processes. NAD is a dinucleotide, which means that it consists of two nucleotides joined together. It is made up of two molecules: nicotinamide and adenine, which are joined together by a phosphate group.
NAD is involved in a wide range of biological processes, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, and is essential for the proper functioning of the body's cells and tissues.
What can I expect during a NAD IV treatment?
Our nurse will arrive at your location of choice with all the equipment necessary for the appointment. They will then administer the IV into your arm and stay with you to monitor the treatment and answer any questions you may have.
Our NAD IV treatments generally last couple of hours per session. You can sit back, watch a movie or a favorite show, browse social media, or even work while the treatment is in progress.
What sets Drip Hydration apart from other NAD IV treatment providers?
Drip Hydration brings appointments directly to you whether you are at home, at a hotel, or at the office. We make getting at home NAD IV treatments easy and convenient, saving you the time and hassle of sitting in traffic or waiting in a clinic.
Is NAD right for me?
You don’t have to wait until you are experiencing a medical condition to enjoy the benefits of NAD IV therapy. NAD plays a role in hundreds of chemical functions throughout your body. This versatile treatment helps promote whole-body wellness and can help your body maintain optimal performance over time.
Is IV therapy FDA approved?
IV therapy in general is FDA approved. Our nurses are overseen by our Medical Director, Abe Malkin, and every nurse is registered and certified per state standards.
Is NAD safe?
NAD is considered a dietary supplement, not a drug. The FDA does not currently evaluate dietary supplements in their current regulations. However, NAD is well-tolerated, meaning that there are rarely side effects.
How long do IV treatments take?
Our IV NAD treatments take couple of hours to administer per session. The number of sessions vary by individual and will be determined during your initial consultation.
Does NAD help battle aging?
Some studies have suggested that NAD may have anti-aging effects by helping to support the production of enzymes that are involved in DNA repair and maintenance, which are essential for maintaining healthy cells and tissues. Additionally, NAD may support the production of enzymes that are involved in the body's natural detoxification processes, which can help to reduce the effects of oxidative stress and support healthy aging.
Does NAD Improve metabolic function?
Some studies have suggested that NAD may support healthy metabolism by helping to regulate the body's energy production and utilization, and may also support the production of enzymes that are involved in various metabolic processes. Additionally, NAD may support the body's natural detoxification processes, which are important for maintaining overall health and wellness.
How often can I get an NAD treatment?
NAD IV treatments are most effective when used over time. You can get treatments several times per month unless you are otherwise advised during your initial consultation.
What can I expect to feel after a NAD IV drip?
Following a NAD IV drip, most patients feel more energetic, clearer-headed, and focused. Regular treatments may improve these effects over time.
Is there any downtime or recovery after a NAD drip?
Not at all! You can resume your normal activities immediately after your appointment. Where do you deliver NAD IV treatments? Drip Hydration delivers NAD IV treatments anywhere within our service areas, which you can find on our service area pages. That said, we recommend choosing a comfortable place for NAD treatments since this type of IV couple of hours per appointment.
How is IV NAD better than an oral NAD supplement?
IV NAD is delivered directly into your bloodstream, where it becomes available to your cells for immediate use. Because NAD bypasses the digestive and metabolic systems, you can expect a 100% absorption rate for maximum effect and minimal waste. Oral NAD supplements, on the other hand, must pass through your digestive system, where they are partly metabolized before your body has access to orally given NAD.
What is the difference between a NAD IV and a vitamin drip?
There are two main differences between a NAD IV and a Vitamin Drip: duration and ingredients. NAD IVs generally take couple of hours to administer per session while vitamin drips take 30 - 45 minutes. Our vitamin drips are specially blended to improve a variety of symptoms and ailments. Our NAD+ Boost treatments contains vitamins that can help make this IV more effective with longer-lasting effects.
Do I need any special supplies for my NAD IV appointment?
No, you do not need any special supplies. Our nurse will bring everything needed for the appointment.
Does NAD improve brain health and function?
NAD is believed to have potential benefits for brain health and function, although more research is needed to fully understand its effects. Some studies have suggested that NAD may have neuroprotective effects, meaning that it may help to protect the brain from damage and support healthy brain function. Additionally, NAD may support the production of neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that help to transmit signals between the brain's cells, and may help to improve cognitive function and memory.
NAD Injection Therapy
What are the benefits of NAD Injection Therapy?
NAD injection therapy is believed to have several potential benefits, including improving energy levels, supporting cognitive function, reducing inflammation, and supporting the body's natural detoxification processes. Additionally, NAD injection therapy is often used in combination with other treatments, such as IV vitamin therapy, to support the body's natural recovery processes and improve overall health and wellness.
What is the difference between NAD injection vs NAD IV therapy?
The main difference between NAD injection and NAD IV therapy is the method of delivery. NAD injection involves injecting NAD directly into the bloodstream using a syringe, while NAD IV therapy involves infusing NAD into the bloodstream through a small tube that is inserted into a vein.
What is the difference between NAD injections and NAD supplements?
The main difference between NAD injections and NAD supplements is the method of delivery. NAD injections involve injecting NAD directly into the bloodstream using a syringe, while NAD supplements are taken orally in the form of pills or capsules.
How to best self-administer a NAD injection?
When administering the injection, it is important to use a clean, sterile needle and syringe, and to inject the NAD into a vein using a slow, steady motion. It is also important to properly dispose of the used needles and syringes to avoid the risk of injury or infection. It is also important to carefully follow the instructions provided by the healthcare professional and the manufacturer of the NAD injection, including proper storage and handling of the injection and any necessary preparation steps.
NAD+ Nasal Spray
What are the benefits of NAD+ nasal spray?
NAD+ nasal spray is believed to have several potential benefits, including improving energy levels, supporting cognitive function, reducing inflammation, and supporting the body's natural detoxification processes.
What is the difference between NAD injection and NAD+ nasal spray?
The main difference between NAD injection and NAD+ nasal spray is the method of delivery. NAD injection involves injecting NAD directly into the bloodstream using a syringe, while NAD+ nasal spray involves delivering NAD directly into the bloodstream through the nose.
What is the difference between NAD+ nasal spray and NAD supplements?
The primary distinction between NAD+ nasal spray and NAD supplements is the route of administration. NAD+ nasal spray delivers NAD directly into the bloodstream via the nose, whereas NAD supplements are taken orally as tablets or capsules.
How often can I use the NAD+ nasal spray?
The frequency of NAD+ nasal spray use will depend on the specific product and the individual's needs and preferences. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate frequency of NAD+ nasal spray use, as well as any potential risks or side effects. In general, NAD+ nasal spray can be used daily or as needed, depending on the individual's goals and needs. It is also important to carefully follow the instructions provided by the healthcare professional and the manufacturer of the NAD+ nasal spray, including any recommended dosing guidelines and precautions.
What can I expect to feel after using the NAD+ nasal spray?
The effects of NAD+ nasal spray may vary depending on the individual and their unique physiology and health needs. In general, people may experience improved energy levels, cognitive function, and overall health and wellness after using NAD+ nasal spray. Additionally, NAD+ nasal spray may help to support the body's natural recovery processes and reduce the symptoms of conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and addiction.